Combined Heat and Power (CHP): Types of Fuels for Gas Engines and Turbines – Differences and Requirements. Fuels Powering the Future

Energy drives our world. Gas engines and gas turbines are at the heart of many energy systems, from power plants to industrial facilities. Their efficiency and reliability depend largely on the type of fuel they use. So, what are the differences in fuel requirements for these two types of equipment?

Gas Engines: Demanding Precision

Gas engines, while incredibly efficient, are very demanding when it comes to fuel quality. Both natural gas and biogas must meet specific purity and composition standards. Contaminants can lead to ignition problems, increased harmful emissions, and a shortened engine lifespan.

• Natural Gas: Should be purified from contaminants such as hydrogen sulfide or particulates, which can damage engine components.
• Biogas: Requires additional preparation, including purification from hydrogen sulfide and other contaminants that may be present in agricultural biogas or those from wastewater treatment plants.

Gas Turbines: Versatile and Flexible

Gas turbines are significantly less demanding in terms of fuel quality. Thanks to their design, they can operate on a wide spectrum of fuels, including:

• Natural Gas: Similar to gas engines, natural gas is one of the most commonly used fuels.
• Diesel Fuels: Gas turbines can be adapted to run on various types of diesel fuels, increasing their versatility.
• Aviation Fuels: Aircraft turbines are an example of equipment that can operate on specialized aviation fuels.
• Synthetic Fuels: Technological advancements allow for the use of synthetic fuels in gas turbines, produced from various raw materials, including renewables.

Why Are Gas Turbines More Flexible?

• Simpler Design: Gas turbines have a simpler design than reciprocating engines, making them less sensitive to fuel quality.
• High Combustion Temperature: Gas turbines operate at very high temperatures, allowing for the combustion of fuels with varying compositions.
• Exhaust Gas Treatment Systems: Modern gas turbines are equipped with advanced exhaust gas treatment systems that reduce the emission of harmful substances.

Multi-Fuel Application and Optimization

One of the biggest advantages of gas turbines is their ability to operate on various types of fuel. This allows for adapting the turbine’s operation to current market conditions and fuel availability. Some turbines can even run on a blend of different fuels.

Manufacturers of gas engines and turbines, such as Caterpillar, constantly work on optimizing their products for different types of fuels. This allows for adapting the engine or turbine’s operation to a specific fuel, which translates to:

• Increased Efficiency: Optimizing the combustion process leads to higher engine or turbine efficiency.
• Reduced Emissions: Proper engine tuning can limit the emission of harmful substances such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter.
• Extended Lifespan: Selecting the right fuel and optimizing engine operation contribute to increasing its durability.

Summary

Both gas engines and gas turbines are extremely important pieces of equipment in many fields. However, their fuel requirements differ. Gas engines demand high-quality fuels, while gas turbines are more flexible and can operate on a wide range of fuels. The choice of the appropriate fuel depends on many factors, such as availability, price, environmental impact, and emission requirements.

Eneria offers both of these solutions. The company’s experts help their clients choose the right solution for their needs, conducting an analysis of the operation and economic viability of a specific solution beforehand. Therefore, it is extremely important to understand the subtle differences between the two technologies for optimizing a given company’s operations.

You can learn more about the fuel conditions for CHP units from our experts Adam and Jakub in the thematic video below.

Author: Eneria Expert Team

Jakub Bigoszewski and Adam Kiciński

email: marketing@eneria.pl