{"id":13666,"date":"2022-02-28T15:30:27","date_gmt":"2022-02-28T14:30:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eneria.pl\/blog\/turbina-gazowa-czym-jest-i-jak-dziala\/"},"modified":"2026-02-03T10:14:21","modified_gmt":"2026-02-03T09:14:21","slug":"turbina-gazowa-czym-jest-i-jak-dziala","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eneria.pl\/en\/blog\/turbina-gazowa-czym-jest-i-jak-dziala\/","title":{"rendered":"Gas turbine: what is it, and how does it work?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Air, an unimaginable number of gas particles surrounding us. As it turns out, it is not only used for breathing, with a little help it can light a house light bulb or heat the house in winter. When combined with natural gas or other fuels, it creates a mixture setting in motion a gas turbine that turns a generator shaft to produce electricity; its hot exhaust gas, in turn, can be used for many other applications such as generating steam, hot water or even cooling<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

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Construction of a gas turbine: a unique device<\/strong><\/p>\n

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By its design, the Gas Turbine resembles the turboshaft engine known from aeroplanes. We can distinguish several elements that are almost always present, regardless of which company’s product we are dealing with.<\/p>\n

In Figure 2 on the right, first, we can see the air inlet[1]. This is where atmospheric air is drawn into the compressor[2]. In the compressor, the air is compressed, the gas molecules are squeezed, and the air increases its temperature and pressure.<\/p>\n

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Figure 2.<\/em><\/p>\n

Solar Turbines <\/strong>gas turbine – principle of operation<\/p>\n

The ratio of the volume of air sucked in at the inlet to the volume of air forced into the combustion chamber[4] is called the compression ratio. The largest unit produced by Solar Turbines, the Titan 250, features a compression ratio of 24:1, and the smallest one, the Saturn 20, 6.7:1. In the combustion chamber[4], the compressed air is combined with the fuel[3], then the fuel mixture is ignited. Here, we feed chemical energy into the turbine in the form of, for example, natural gas.<\/p>\n

The hot gas resulting from ignition expands and then flows through the blades of the turbine[5], its kinetic energy forcing the shaft to rotate. Here, we can see the conversion of chemical energy into mechanical energy.<\/p>\n

The cycle of a gas turbine can be approximated by analogy to a piston engine in a passenger car. Figure 2 shows where the individual “strokes” can be found. The main difference is that the Gas Turbine generates several hundred times more power than the internal combustion engine in a car.<\/p>\n

Circulation of Brayton-Joule’s thermodynamic transformations<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Figure 3 shows the thermodynamic circuit called the Brayton or Brayton – Joule cycle. The umbers from 1 to 4 correspond to the individual operating points of the gas turbine. Figure 1 shows the same points on the schematic diagram of a turbine engine. However, it should be emphasised that the presented cycle is the so-called ideal cycle. However, it suits our needs perfectly. In the diagram on the right, the vertical (ordinate) axis corresponds to the pressure P, and the horizontal (abscissa) axis corresponds to the volume. Here we can see the so-called P-v diagram. At point 1 we suck air into the compressor, on the way to point 2 the air decreases in volume while increasing pressure (compression). Between points 2 and 3 we supply fuel and ignite the mixture. This transformation occurs at constant pressure (P = const), and the gas increases in volume. Then there is an expansion of the gas in turbine 4, the pressure drops and the volume increases further. With all this work done, we can now receive the mechanical power (shaft rotation) and the heat (hot exhaust) and return to step 1.<\/p>\n

Eneria understands the essence of the problem and the growing expectations of customers in the field of energy production in ceramic, plastics processing, paper, wood and many other industries. That is why it offers cogeneration solutions based on Caterpillar\u00a0 Solar Turbines.<\/p>\n

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We select energy-optimised solutions for each customer.<\/p>\n

Feel free to watch a short animation prepared by the Solar Turbines<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n